Byrons Don Juan - No Formal Ending is Needed Essay -- Don Juan Essays

Byron's Don Juan - No Formal Ending is Needed Lord Byron's chief masterpiece is probably the comic epic Don Juan, which occupied its author from 1818 until nearly the end of his life (Trueblood 14-15). The sheer length of the poem is in itself impressive; its seventeen cantos take Juan through a variety of adventures, including the famous affair with Donna Julia, the sojourn with Haidee, experiences in Turkey and later in Russia as a slave, and finally episodes in England among high society (Boyd 22-30). Remarkably, however, Don Juan as Byron left it is obviously unfinished. Further, the poem was not published in an absolutely complete form until nearly eighty years after Byron's death (Steffan III 562). The unfinished state of Don Juan and the circumstances which led to it inevitably encourage speculation: how would Byron have ended his poem? The final canto of Don Juan (XVII) is dated May 8, 1823, and was written just before Byron sailed from Italy to help the Greeks fight their revolution (Bostetter 9). Although he occasionally talked of continuing his poem, he wrote no more in the eleven months between his composition of the fourteen stanzas of this canto and his death in April of 1824 (Marchand 1125). The seventeenth canto of Don Juan was found among Byron's personal effects and papers after he died (Marchand 1234). Meanwhile, in England, Cantos VI to XVI of Don Juan, which Byron had penned in an incredible burst of creative energy from April 1822 to May 1823, had been published by John Hunt in four installments, the last less than a month before its author's death in Greece (Bostetter 8-9). Even within Byron's lifetime, unscrupulous publishers had printed many spurious "continuations" of the poem during breaks i... ...d Chew passim. Works Cited Bostetter, Edward E., Twentieth Century Interpretations of Don Juan. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Boyd, Elizabeth French, Byron's Don Juan: A Critical Study. NY: Humanities Press, 1958. Byron (George Gordon, Lord Byron), Don Juan, ed. Leslie A. Marchand. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958. Chew, Samuel C., "The Centenary of Don Juan." American Journal of Philology 40: 117-52. Coleridge, Ernest Hartley, ed., The Poetical Works of Lord Byron. London: John Murray, 1905. Marchand, Leslie A., Byron: A Biography, Vol. 3. NY: Knopf, 1957. McGann, Jerome J., Don Juan in Context. Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1976. Steffan, Truman Guy, & Willis W. Pratt, eds., Byron's Don Juan: A Variorum Edition. 2nd ed.. 4 vols.. Austin: U of Texas Press, 1971. Trueblood, Paul G., Lord Byron. NY: Twayne, 1969.

Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-96) was an American writer born in Litchfield, Connecticut, the daughter of a preacher, Lyman Beecher. Young Harriet grew up in a deeply religious atmosphere. In 1832, she moved with her father to Cincinnati, Ohio where he had charge of a seminary. There she met and married Calvin E. Stowe, a widower and a professor in the school. They had seven children. Cincinnati, just across the Ohio River from Kentucky, was in the very midst of the controversy over slavery. She sometimes talked to fleeing slaves, and once she even visited a Kentucky plantation whose slaves were used as models for her novel. In 1850, her husband was called to Bowdoin College and she was happy to be back in the more congenial air of New England. That same year the Fugitive Slave Law was passed. It infuriated the abolitionists, including the Beecher family. This led her to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the novel that was said to have started the Civil War in the United States. This writer was selected over the other writers because of the great impact her novel made on America’s perception over slavery and the events that followed after its publication. Without doubt, the Civil War would have come in any case. Just the same, the tremendous moral force of the book made many people, who might otherwise have been lukewarm, take a firm stand against slavery. At current time, Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin has been relegated to the list of required reading which made it lose some of its appeal. I thought it would be best to look at the context of its creation and what better way but to look closely at its creator, her background and her influences. There are numerous books and articles that can be found about the life and works of Mrs. Stowe. I have chosen two to be used as the major references. The first is from Twayne’s United States Authors on Harriet Beecher Stowe, Chapter 1: The Early Years. This chapter detailed the childhood of Harriet and how it was like growing up in the Beecher household ruled by the Calvinist preacher, despot and father, the Reverend Lyman Beecher. Orphaned from their mother at an early age, the Beecher siblings were brought up by their father under a strict Calvinist upbringing. Every day was a religious experience. He dominated the household with his sternness and terrorized his children with his preaching of damnation and hellfire. He believed in man’s fallibility and sought to remind and humble his children of this fact every chance he got. It was said that â€Å"within his home Lyman was a bully of the worst stripe, a benevolently intentioned and systematically complete bully† (â€Å"The Early Years,† 1). However, Harriet also suffered from neglect simply because she was female. The patriarch heaped his attention on his sons whom he successfully groomed to become preachers like him. She, on the other hand, was sent off to Hartford to her sister Catherine who was twelve year her senor, to get an education. Her sister was an impressive intellectual, establishing the Hartford Female Seminary. She was deeply religious and once suffered from near mental collapse because of her fear that her dead fiance will go straight to hell since he was not able to convert before he died. Quite domineering, she badgered Harriet into assisting her which the young girl found unbearable. She stayed with her sister for eight grueling years. Regardless, she was able to travel and mingle with people her own age. This proved to be her salvation as she was able to form her own beliefs regarding religion that was centered on the mercy of Jesus rather than the certainty of hell. Then the Beecher clan all moved from Boston to Cincinnati as her father accepted the post of president of the Lane Theological Seminary. Now, Harriet had to contend with both her sister with whom she still served as assistant and her father to whom she had to go home. To escape, she turned to writing. She also met the widower Calvin Stowe whose proposal of marriage she accepted. The only thing they had in common at that time was their shared affection for Eliza, his dead wife. Between 1836 and 1850, she gave birth to eight children. With such a big family, she was bound to the home more than ever. In order to augment the household income, she used her writing skills into a money making venture by submitting magazine sketches. Calvin Stowe’s appointment to the faculty of Bowdoin College which allowed them to move to Brunswick, Maine was a turning point for Harriet. Among others, she was going back to New England and would be free from the grasp of her father and sister. Her life until then was unremarkable. She was a housewife who was concerned mostly with chores, frustrations and debts. Though she lived in tumultuous times she did not participate in it. This was due to reasons as follows: Her private duties as obedient daughter and wife had demanded almost more energy than she had to give, and she had taken refuge from overwork in the consolation of heavenly love; to mistrust the world, to accept it as the abode of cruelty and injustice, was the philosophy by which she lived (â€Å"The Early Years,† 7). This was about to change with the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the novel which led President Abraham Lincoln to greet her as â€Å"the little lady who made this big war. † This remark was cited from the second reference used for this paper, the article on Harriet Beecher Stowe by Ken Wolf from the Dictionary of World Biography: The 19th Century. For the first part, he gave a brief account of her early life and for the second part, he concentrated on her life’s work. Uncle Tom’s Cabin first appeared in 1851-52 as a serial in an abolitionist paper. The anti-slavery sentiments were already at its peak at that time. The Fugitive Slave Law was just passed where all citizens whether they are from the north or south are obliged to return fleeing slaves to their owners or face criminal charges. The disagreements between the abolitionists and moderates were turning physically violent such as pro-slavery mobs attacking abolitionists print shops such as the one in Connecticut near the residence of the Beechers. The publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852 was indeed timely. On that year alone, it already sold 300,000 copies. Harriet’s message was clear. Slavery was wrong, the novel argued, because it was un-Christian. More specifically, slavery tore children from their mothers and thus threatened the existence of the Christian family (Wolf, 2). This book was a personal one for the author. All that she believed in were embodied in the novel. She even used the name of Calvin Stowe’s deceased wife and her good friend, Eliza, as the main female character. While the main protagonist was male, that being Tom who had kindly masters but still got sold off twice and eventually ended up being beaten to death, the novel was filled with strong female characters. A main theme was the recurring circumstance of slavery separating families and the attempts of the slave mothers to prevent it. We see Eliza jumping on ice floes to effect her and her son’s escape. We see Cassy who preferred to kill her newborn herself than allow it to be sold off later. There was Eva who persuaded her father to free Tom, but both unfortunately died before they did. There was also Mary Bird who †shamed her husband†, Senator Bird of Ohio into helping Eliza even if he was violating the Fugitive Slave Law which he helped pass. Her novel was most effective in arousing sentiments of anti-slavery because the author approached her arguments using the religious zeal that her father bestowed upon them stressing that â€Å"Christianity began at home with a strong family. Any institution that undermined the family was necessarily unchristian† (Wolf, 2). This struck deep at the conscience of the American people. Her succeeding novels likewise had female characters playing prominent roles. She believed that women are the purveyors or morality. She was not an advocate of female equality and continued not to participate in the suffragists movement or the equal rights for women. She believed in the family and the role women play within it. She also continued to write her novels based on characters she is most familiar with such as Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856) regarding a slave rebellion attempt, The Minister’s Wooing (1859) which was a jab on the inflexible dogma of her father’s Calvinism. This novel was also partly historical. Her next novel is likewise historical, Agnes of Sorrento (1862) about the Florentian social and religious reformist monk, Gironalo Savonarola. The Pearl of Orr’s Island (1862), Oldtown Folks (1869) and Poganuc People (1878) are childhood reminiscences of New England. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is the only one of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s that aimed at direct reform. Though it sparked a war, as literature, it is not great. It is overly sentimental and the picture it draws is exaggerated. In spite of these flaws, it remains one of the most powerful novels ever written to right a wrong. Her other novels published after it had none of the appeal of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, but she continued to be one of America’s popular writers at that time. Her other greatest contribution to history was her depiction of women as being in the same level as men in terms of intellect, bravery and morality. She was able to put across her message of empowerment across in a society dominated by men of the importance of women’s and mother’s role in the family and in society as regards moral regeneration. Before I conducted this research, I was under the impression that Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written more as a reaction against the peculiar institution of slavery. Reading about the life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, it became evident that though her book came out of indignation against slavery, it also owed something to her Puritan conscience. Her belief’s and childhood experiences come across into her books such as her belief on women’s equality which she never did experience having been subjected to neglect because of her gender. While she persistently believed that the role of women is confined within the walls of the home, she was successful in opening a new perspective of women. Admittedly, I have not read any of her other works however, given her background that I know now, it would be interesting to read The Minister’s Wooing to gain a better idea on how it was to live with a severe Calvinist minister and how and if she was able to relate it to her own experiences in growing up with one and make it comical.

Career Stages

A career is defined as a sequence of positions occupied by a person during the course of a lifetime. A Career mentioned above, includes many positions stages and transitions just as a person’s life does. It can easily understand if we think of career consisting of several stages. Most of us have gone or will go through the under mentioned five stages: * Exploration is when individuals are exploring possible career options and making critical choices. * Establishment begins with the search for work and getting that first job. Mid-career is when an individual is no longer seen as a â€Å"learner. † * Late career is when an individual can share his or her knowledge with others in the organization. * Decline is when an individual leaves the work force. Exploration: This is the career stage that usually ends in one’s mid twenties as one makes the transition from college to work. What we hear from our teachers friends ad relations our own observation of careers of our parents shape our future career choices at this stage.From an organizational standpoint this stage has least relevance as it takes place prior to employment. However the organizations can still track the minds of young people by offering internships to them or offering on the job training to bright students. For the individual this is the stage of self exploration seeking answers to various puzzling questions about careers. Example of external and internal events on a profession of lecturer and suppose that I adopt this profession. Establishment: The establishment period begins with the search for work and includes getting your first job.It includes the first experience on the job peer group evaluations personal tensions and anxieties that confront a person trying to make his mark. This period is characterized by committing mistakes, learning mistakes and assuming increased responsibilities. Mid career: Mid career is a stage that is typically reached between the age of 35 and 50. At this point one may continue to show improved performance, level off or begin to decline you are no longer viewed as a learner. Mistakes committed by you would be viewed seriously and may invite penalties as well. If you are good enough you may grow and turn out good results.If you do not have the same fire in the belly when you started your career the best thing would be to hold on to what your have. Technically speaking plateaued career stares at you more or less happy with that comes your way, the organization can place you on jobs that require experience and maturity. The organization can’t discount your worth and treat you as deadwood, since you still retain the flavor and continue to show reasonably good performance But then what would happen to those employees who have employees which have both interests and productivity at work?Organizations often show them the door or shift them to less important jobs. Late Career: This the stage where one relaxes a bit and plays the part of an elder statesperson. For those who continue to grow through the mid career stage this is the time to command respect from younger employees. Your varied experiences and Judgment are greatly valued and your word will carry weight undoubtedly you can teach others and share your experiences with others.For those who have stagnated or deteriorated during the pervious stage, the late career brings the reality that they are no longer required t run the race and its better to redirect the energies to family, friends and hobbies. Decline During this period person’s attention may turn to retirement. The achievements of a long career and the frustrations an anxieties the go along what that phase are left behind. Regardless of whether one is leaving a glorified career or dismal job, one has to make adjustments and get along with people and things.

Horned Gopher (Ceratogaulus) - Facts and Figures

Horned Gopher (Ceratogaulus) - Facts and Figures Name: Horned Gopher; also known as Ceratogaulus (Greek for horned marten); pronounced seh-RAT-oh-GALL-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (10-5 million years ago) Size and Weight: About one foot long and a few pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head with small, beady eyes; paired horns on snout About the Horned Gopher (Ceratogaulus) One of the most improbable megafauna mammals of Miocene North America, the Horned Gopher (genus name Ceratogaulus) certainly lived up to its name: this foot-long, otherwise inoffensive gopher-like creature sported a pair of sharp horns on its snout, the only rodent ever known to have evolved such an elaborate head display. To judge by its small eyes and mole-like, long-clawed front hands, Ceratogaulus evaded the predators of its North American habitat and avoided the noonday heat by burrowing into the grounda trait shared by the prehistoric armadillo Peltephilus, the only other known horned, burrowing mammal in the fossil record. (The Horned Gopher also bears an uncanny resemblance to the mythical Jackalope, which, however, seems to have been made up out of whole cloth sometime in the 1930s.) The big question, of course, is: why did the Horned Gopher evolve horns? An amazing amount of paperwork has been expended on this mystery, the most likely answer coming to us via the process of elimination. Since both male and female Horned Gophers possessed horns of roughly the same size, these horns clearly couldnt have been a sexually selected characteristicthat is, males didnt impress females during mating season with their long hornsand the structures were oriented in such a way that they would have been of practically no use in digging. The only logical conclusion is that these horns were intended to intimidate predators; a hungry Amphicyon, for instance, might have thought twice about lunching on the bite-sized Ceratogaulus (and getting a mouthful of painful horn in the process) if a more easily swallowed creature happened to be cowering nearby.

Cell Phones Essay Example

Cell Phones Essay Example Cell Phones Essay Cell Phones Essay Name: Course: Professor: Date: Cell Phones Reginald Aubrey Fessenden revolutionized the way people communicate in the modern world. He was able to come up with the first radio transmission of speech on December 23 1900 (Aitken 1985). This was the first step towards revolution in the world of communication. The cell phone has become a necessity in the current decade, as very few daily activities are carried out without its use. It has changed the way people interact with each other and the running of day-to-day activities. It has eased the cost of communication as opposed to other forms of communication. However, this does not rule out the fact that communication amongst people has deteriorated, as there is emotional disconnect between people as they just use cell phones to communicate at each other instead of communicating with each other. This is the price for the technological advancement in communication. Technology advancements have enabled cell phone users the opportunity to experience new and innovative products such a s instant messaging. Numerous numbers of cell phones had been made in 1940, but their actual circulation and marketing began in 1983.ATT was the first company to apply for cellular service in 1971, but this was not granted by the Federal Communication Commission. It is until in 1982 when the Federation Communication Commission granted ATT an Advanced Phone mobile Systems (AMPS) license (Aitken 1985). They were bulky and consumed a lot of energy. This is quite different from the kind of cell phones that are currently in operation which are lesser in size and energy efficient. This is a clear view as to the rate at which the cell phone has evolved. Each cell phone model comes with its own distinctive features that give it its own competitive edge in the cell phone market. The cell phone has been the cause of all the advancements in technology as each model that is introduced into the market prompts other competitors to come up with new and innovative ideas to help them stay relevant in the ever changing market. It has been the main driver of change in technology. Cell phones have grown to become reliable portable digital assistants. They enable people with busy schedules to refer to these gadgets for reminders for duties or meetings, scheduling of meetings, messaging services such as the Blackberry. Unlike in the early 20th century when people had to rely on personal assistants for completion of such tasks, Blackberry phones have the ability to provide their users with Global Positioning System services that enable easy movement and location of places of interest to the users. A blackberry phone may prove too addictive to use ( Funtasz, 2010). They also have options for multiple users working with corporate companies to access their companies’ databases and be able to get the information they want without having to go to the office and get such information. Blackberry phones can be used as tethered modems on their own to enable the user to be able to combine the cell phone and a computer for access to the internet. This is a unique feature in the cell phone market. In addition, they are able to access internet services after subscription from their respective network provider, which is one of the main attractive features to the users irrespective of their ages in the current cell phone market. This enables individuals to access data on the internet for whatever purpose. Blackberry phones usually have preloaded applications such as Microsoft Word Excel for editing official documents and Facebook and Twitter that give the user an unrivaled social media experience (Funtasz 2010). In conclusion, cell phones have brought about an unprecedented revolution in technology as every act of innovation by single cell phone maker brings about fierce competition from competing phone makers who want to outdo each other in a battle for share of the large and fast growing cell phone consumer market. Currently the phone makers have each invented their own technologies in developing cell phones to come up with distinct products that are made to meet specifications that appeal to a certain market niche. For example, there are touch sensitive screens, which are used as keyboards and as screens for displaying the relevant data Aitken, Hugh.G .J .The Continuous Wave: Technology and American Radio, , Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.1985.Print Funtasz, J., 2010, â€Å"Canadian middle manager experience with mobile email technologies: A phenomenological exploration of frequent BlackBerry users†. University of Phoenix .210 pages. Print.

Career in Quantity Surveying

Career in Quantity Surveying Quantity surveyors come in two flavors. There is the PQS, Private Quantity Surveyor, who works in professional practice and the CQS or Contractor’s Quantity Surveyor, who works for a building contractor. The Quantity Surveyor   is responsible for all the financial, contractual and legal aspects of a construction project.   The PQS will provide cost planning advice during the design stage of a project and then monitor the actual costs against the budgets whilst the project is being built.   Building contractors are often paid monthly in instalments on large projects and it is the quantity surveyors job to determine a fair valuation for the work that has been completed.   In addition the PQS will advise the client on a suitable form of building contract. The Contractor’s Quantity Surveyor will be involved in pricing work that a contractor is asked to tender for, letting packages of work to specialist subcontractors and valuing and paying for subcontractor’ s work. In the same way that the PQS provides cost planning advice to the client the CQS provides financial advice to the building contractor. If you think you are more skilled with figures than floor plans then you might think about becoming a quantity surveyor the so called economist of the construction industry.   As a student quantity surveyor, Ruth Smart worked on the McAlpine Stadium in Huddersfield calculating the construction costs.   Listen to what she has to say about her work by clicking on her link.   Hit Back on your browser to return to this page. If you think you are more skilled with figures than floor plans then you might think about becoming a quantity surveyor the so called economist of the construction industry. As a student quantity surveyor Ruth Smart worked on McAlpine Stadium in Huddersfield calculating the construction costs. The major one of this stadium was all of these they are called banana trusses because they are shaped like bananas. The steel wo rk that went into this stadium was very expensive. There is a lot concrete in this building as you can see all the seats. The whole structure is concrete. The seats are put on top of concrete. Steps, huge, huge money. The nicer bits are thing like you know the actual pitch, and the lights all these extras that you don’t think of which need to be priced. The line markings, everything we have to take into account everything, signage, big project. I studied quantity surveying at Leeds and years 1 and 2 was spent in the college learning, year 3 was spent on site at McAlpine Stadium and year 4 was my final year again spent in College. It wasn’t just text book stuff it was things like learning to build a brick wall. What construction was about the actual physical building of buildings. Surveyors who have been educated in Britain are viewed very well overseas. Two months after I graduated I started work out in Johannesburg, South Africa. Which was fantastic lots of exposure. Thrown in at the deep end was great running my own jobs.

Management Accouting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Accouting - Essay Example (Accounting Tools) If a company produces 2 different products namely Pi and Chi, the Company has cost of overheads which is 500. The company can allocate the costs on the basis of material cost of each product. If material cost of each of Pi and Chi is 200 and 300 respectively then the allocation will be as follows: In this method the indirect and overhead costs are apportioned by allocating proportionate costs to the products. The indirect costs can be apportioned by proportionate allocation on the number of units etc. If a company produces two products, Pi and Chi. The Company may apportion the overheads on a proportionate basis, by apportioning the cost on basis on ratio of 2:3. If the total budgeted cost is  £10,000. This method allocates the overhead costs to the manufacturing cost of products. The rates of absorption are used as benchmarks by the company and can be labor hour, machine hour or any other rate which suits the company’s overhead absorption. If the company is produces a product which requires labor for the production, then the company may apply labor hours of direct labor cost for the basis of absorption of the overheads to the cost of the product. If a company absorbs the overhead cost at a rate of  £10 per machine hour and the produces two products i.e. Pi and Chi and the products require 200 and 300 machine hours respectively then the company may absorb the overheads as follows. The traditional approaches to costing of the overheads has not been beneficial to the companies as these approaches are unable to provide the accurate allocation of the manufacturing and overhead costs to the products as per their actual share. Activity-based costing (ABC) is a modern and more established costing model which is used to allocate the costs that are attributable to the activities according to the usage of respective resources in accordance